about indus valley civilization

This article means to dive into the Indus valley development and study it from the point of view of the SSC CGL/CHSL and banking assessments. 

The historical backdrop of India started with the beginning of thindus valley civilization notese Indus valley progress. 

In around 2600-1900 BC, a progress flourished in the Indus valley which was known as the Indus Valley Civilization. This progress is the biggest of the 4 antiquated developments. 

In 1920's the archeological branch of India uncovered the urban areas of Harappa and Mohenjodaro The individuals in this human progress were called Harappas. 

Their first settlements were set up around 2600 BC in Western India now Pakistan. 

The progress thrived around similar time as the conditions of Egypt and 

Mesopotamia. 

This human advancement was spread across Jammu in the North, Narmada Estuary in the south, Makran coast in the west and meerut in the east. 

Site	Discovery/Finding(s)
Harappa	Situated on river Ravi in montgomery district of punjab (Pakistan). It was excavated by Daya Ram Sahani in 1921-23. The indus Civilisation is named after it as the Harappan Civilisation. Stone dancing Natraja and Cemetry-37 have been found here.
Mohenjodaro (Mound Of Dead)	Situated on river Indus in Larkana district of Sind (Park) it was excavated by RD Banerji In 1922. The collegiate  Building and the Assembly Hall. The dancing girl made of bronze has been found here. Pashupati Mahadeva/proto shiva seal; fragment of woven cotton, etc are other findings
Lothal Gujarat	First Port City Double burial Terracotta horses Rice husk Chess-playing
Chanhudaro Pakistan	City without a citadel Bead makers
Dholavira Gujarat	City divided into 34 parts Water harvesting system And a water reservoir

The Indus valley development is separated into 3 stages 

a) Early Harappan stage (Hakra Phase) from 3300 to 2600 BC. 

b) The Mature Harappan Phase from 2600 to 1900 BC. 

c) The late Harappan stage from 1900 to 1300 BC. 

The Indus valley content goes back to 3000 BC. 

Development of cotton, peas, dates and their exchange was regular this human advancement. 

The stage paving the way to the develop Harappan stage is named as Kot Diji. 

Around 1800-1700 BC individuals began deserting the urban areas of Harappa and 

Mohenjodaro.

Urban communities, for example, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro developed along the significant shipping lanes.

• Indus valley Civilisation is one of the four earliest civilisation of the world.

• According to radiocarbon dating initiation of Indus valley Civilisation can be dated around 2500-1750 BC.

• Systematie town planning was hased on grid system. Burnt brieks were used to construct house. Well managed drainage system, fortifide Citadel; highly urbanised; absence of iron implements. 

• The Great Bath (Mohenjodaro) was used for religious bathing. There were changing rooms alongide 

• Six granaries in a row were found in the citadel at Harappa. 

• The towns were divided in 2 parts: the Upper Part or Citadel and the Lower Part. Harappans were ruled by a class of merchants, as no evidence of weapons are found there. 

• Indus pepole sowed seeds in November and reaped their harvest in April because of the danger of flood. 

• Produced wheat, barley, rai, peas, seasum. Rice and mustard.

• Indus people were the first to produce cotton, which the Greeks termed as sindon (derived from sindh) . 

• Animals known were oxen, sheep, buffaloes, goats, pigs, elephants, dogs, cats, asses and camels.

• Well-knit external and internal. Barter system was prevalent.

• A very interesting feature of this civilisation was that iron was not known to the people

• The Indus people used weights and measures in the multiples of 16. 

• Harappans looked on Earth as fertility Goddess and phallic (lingam) and yoni worship was prevalent. 

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• Unicorn Was the most worshipped animal. Many trees (pipal), animals (bull), birds (dove, pigeon ) and stones too were worshippped though no evidence of temple has been found.