Computer full introduction in english

Computer introduction in english

introduction

• The era of 20th and 21st century has witnessed rapid development in science and technology influencing every aspect of human life. One of the greatest things that man has ever created is, perhaps 'the computer '.  the computer is truly an amazing machine. computer is being used is areas of administration, medicine, education, sports, defence, shops, home, markets and many more. computer and information technology (IT), in recent years, has become an integral part of our life. we can see it almost everywhere.

• full name of computer 

C =  commonly

O =  oriented 

m =  machine 

P =  properly 

U =  used for 

T =  training

E = Education 

R = Research 

Output information 

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner 
• Digital camera 
• Joystick 
• Pen drive 

DEVICES 

• Monitor 
• Printer 
• Plotter 

• A computer is an electronic machine that helps to process data. it is used to solve problems relating to almost all fields such as education, home medicine, science and technology, research, designing publishing, communication etc. 
• A computer is an information - processing and information accessing tool. This means that a computer accepts some information or data form the outside world. it processing is the essence of computing. 
• meaning of computer: The word computer has derived form an english word 'computer' which means ' to calculate' . 
• Computer is an electronic device which processes the input information according to the given set of instructions, called program. 
• Blaise pascal had developed the first mechanical calculator in 1642 AD, which is called 'pascalene'  . 
• British scientist charles  Babbage. was the first person to conceive an automatic calculator or a computer in 1833. He is called the 'father of modern computer' . 
• the credit of developing first computer program goes to lady Ada August, a student of Babbage. 
• Herman Holorith prepared an electronic tabulating machine in 1880, which was automatically functional with the help of punch card. this punch card is used in computer even today.
• Howard Ekin developed the first mechanical computer 'mark - i' in 1937
• J.p Ekart and john moschley  invented world's first electronic computer  ' ENIAC-I' in 1946 and paved the way for first revolution in the field of calculating machine or computer. Electronic valve or vaccum Tube was used as a switch in the computer 
• John van Newman invented EDVAC ( Electronic Descrete Variable Computer ) in 1951, in which he used stored program. The credit of using Binary System in computers also goes to him. indeed Mr. Newman contributed most in the development of computer and thus gave a right direction to the computer Revolution (Second Revolution)

The most essential part of the computer that perform the various operations provided. It is also called the brain of the computer. It is mainly divided into three categories: Arithmetic & logic Unit: It performs all arithmetical as well as logical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication & division. Also it performs the comparison between the entities & thus help in decision making to the computer.

Components of the CPU

• Motherboard
• Hard disk
• RAM
• ROM
• Processor
• SMPS & Connecting wire
• UPS
• DVD/CD R-W
• Floppy Drive
• Modem
• Graphics Card
• Sound Card

The storing capacity of computer expressed in bytes. Bytes store one character of data.

two types of memory:

Primary Memory: This is the main memory of the computer. This memory is used frequently by the CPU for execution of the instructions. There are again two types of Primary Memory.

• RAM: RAM stands for Random Access Memory. Initially every task is stored in RAM & then executed or stored in Hard disk. It is volatile, it stores data temporarily. So no data will remain when the power is switched off. It ranges from 64 MB to 16 GB.
• ROM: ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a programming chip, where all the system information are recorded & can't be changed. Its types are PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc. It is nonvolatile.

Secondary Memory:
These are the storage devices & are used to save the programs files permanently. There are different types of Secondary Memory. They are:

• Hard disk (ranges from 40 GB to 1 TB)
• Floppy disk (1.44 MB)
• CD (720MB), DVD (4.7 GB, 8.5 GB)
• Blue ray Disc (25 GB, 40 GB)
• Pen Drive (ranges from 128 MB to 256 GB) Magnetic Tapes, Zip disk, etc.

COMPUTER TYPES 

ON THE BASIS OF WORKING 

• Analog computer 
• Digital computer
• Hybrid computer ( Digital + Analog) 

ON THE BASIS OF SIZE 

• Mainframe computer 
• Mini computer
• Super computer
• Work station 
• Micro computer
• Desktop computer 
• Laptop computer 
• Palmtop computer
• Network computer

ON THE BASIS OF BRAND 

• IBM PC 
• IBM compatible 
• Apple / macintosh